Ionizing radiation exposures could pose significant risks to developing fetuses, making fetal radiation monitoring crucial for pregnant women, especially those in high-risk occupations. Large doses of ionizing radiation can affect fetal development, potentially leading to birth defects, growth restrictions, or even miscarriage. The sensitivity of the fetus to ionizing radiation is highest during the first trimester when the formation of all major organs and body systems are established. Learn more about the importance of fetal ionizing radiation monitoring with dosimeters for pregnant women and how to minimize radiation exposure for fetuses.
Declaring your Pregnancy
The worker has the sole and fundamental responsibility to decide whether to formally declare a pregnancy and consequently become subject to work-related dose limits and restrictions. A worker must declare a pregnancy (or plans to become pregnant) formally, that is, in writing and is advised to do so as early in the pregnancy as possible. The declaration must include the estimated date of conception. The employer is responsible for fully informing the worker of potential risks to the embryo/fetus from ionizing radiation and providing counseling to assist in decision-making. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Regulatory Guide 8.13, “Instruction Concerning Prenatal Radiation Exposure” is normally used to assist with the counseling.
Removing Declaration of Pregnancy
There are two different conditions as to when a Declaration of Pregnancy can be removed:
- A declared pregnant worker may withdraw a declaration of pregnancy, in writing, at any time (whether or not the pregnancy has ended). No justification or explanation is required.
- The individual is no longer pregnant.
High-Risk Occupations: Who Needs Fetal Dosimeters?
Pregnant women working in environments with elevated radiation exposure should use fetal dosimeters to monitor and limit their exposure. Examples of high-risk occupations include:
- Healthcare Workers: Radiologists, radiologic technologists, and nuclear medicine technologists frequently work with X-rays and radioactive materials.
- Education: Those handling radioactive isotopes in educational environments like research or education labs.
- Government Workers: Materials science research facilities, legacy radioactive waste facilities, nuclear weapons facilities and VA hospitals, can all pose a risk of radiation exposure..
- Industrial Workers: Professionals in industries using radiography, such as non-destructive testing of materials.
How and Where to Wear Fetal Dosimeters
Fetal dosimeters, or fetal radiation monitors, are small devices that measure the amount of ionizing radiation exposure received. They should be worn at waist level, as close to the fetus as possible to get an accurate reading of the radiation dose received by the unborn baby. The dosimeter badge must be worn under protective lead aprons or shields to ensure precise monitoring. Pregnant women should wear these dosimeters throughout their entire pregnancy, with readings checked regularly to ensure compliance with safety standards.
Regulatory Limits and Compliance
Regulatory bodies have established strict limits on radiation exposure for pregnant women to protect fetal health. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in the United States, for example, limits occupational exposure to the fetus to 0.5 rem (5 millisieverts) during the entire pregnancy. Compliance with these regulations involves consistent monitoring using fetal dosimeter badges, proper workplace safety protocols, and regular reviews of radiation exposure data. Employers are responsible for ensuring that these limits are not exceeded and that all necessary precautions are taken.
Download our guide for more information about occupational dose limits.
Additional Steps to Limit Radiation Exposure
Apart from wearing fetal dosimeters, pregnant women can take additional steps to limit their radiation exposure:
- Limit Time: Reduce the amount of time spent in radiation-prone areas.
- Maximize Distance: Increase the distance from radiation sources whenever possible.
- Use Shielding: Utilize protective barriers such as lead aprons and shields effectively.
- Stay Informed: Keep up-to-date with safety protocols and radiation exposure levels.
- Seek Alternative Duties: If possible, request assignments that involve less radiation exposure during pregnancy.
Interested in Dosimetry Services?
PL Medical’s dosimetry program is NVLAP accredited and known for providing technology-leading OSL dosimeters to implement and ensure a successful radiation safety program that meets state and federal regulations. To learn more about PL Medical’s dosimetry services, get in touch with us!